INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ORGANIZATION (ISO)
By Rahma Santhi. Filed in gado-gado komunikasi |
ISO adalah organisasi sukarela yang anggotanya diakui standar otoritas, masing-masing mewakili satu negara. Sebagian besar karya ISO dilakukan oleh 2700 komite teknis, subkomite dan kelompok kerja. Setiap komite dan subkomite dipimpin oleh Sekretariat dari salah satu organisasi anggota. ISO juga merupakan organisasi berkembang terbesar. Data sampai hari ini, ISO telah menerbitkan lebih dari 18 500 Standar Internasional, mulai dari standar untuk kegiatan seperti pertanian dan konstruksi, hingga ke perangkat medis, segala macam alat-alat kebutuhan sehari-hari dan perkembangan informasi teknologi terbaru. Pertemuan umun pertama ISO diselenggarakan di Paris pada tahun 1949 dan diresmikan pada pertemuan publik yang dilakukan di ’Grand Amphitheatre’ Universitas Sorbonne.
ISO saat ini merupakan jaringan lembaga standar nasional dari 160 negara, dengan Sekretariat pusat di Jenewa, Swiss, yang mengkordinir seluruh sistem. ISO juga adalah organisasi non-pemerintah yang membentuk jembatan antara sektor publik dan swasta. Di satu sisi, banyak lembaga anggotanya merupakan bagian dari struktur pemerintah di negara mereka, atau diberi mandat oleh pemerintah mereka. Di sisi lain, anggota lain berkecimpung di sektor swasta, yang telah didirikan oleh kemitraan nasional asosiasi industri.
Awal mula nama “ISO”
Organisasi Internasional untuk Standarisasi atau sering dikenal dengan nama “ISO”, awalnya disebabkan oleh beberapa arti singkatan dalam bahasa yang berbeda (“IOS” dalam bahasa Inggris, “Oin” dalam bahasa Perancis untuk internationale Organisasi de normalisasi). Akhirnya pendirinyapun memutuskan untuk memberikan nama yang universal dan mereka memilih “ISO”, berasal dari ISO dalam bahasa Yunani, yang berarti “sama”. Negara manapun, bahasa apapun, sekarang memanggil Organisasi ini dengan nama ISO.
Siapa yang mengembangkan standard ISO?
Standar ISO dikembangkan oleh komite teknis, (subcomite atau komite proyek). Para ahlinya terdiri dari sektor industri, teknis dan bisnis. Para ahli mungkin akan bergabung dengan perwakilan dari instansi pemerintah, pengujian laboratorium, asosiasi konsumen, organisasi non-pemerintah dan kalangan akademisi.
Proposal untuk mendirikan komite teknis baru disampaikan kepada semua badan anggota ISO nasional, yang mungkin memilih untuk berpartisipasi/Participating (P), pengamat/Observer (O) atau non-anggota komite. Sekretariat dialokasikan oleh Dewan Manajemen Teknis (yang memberikan laporan kepada Dewan ISO), biasanya ke anggota ISO yang membuat proposal. Sekretariat bertanggung jawab untuk mencalonkan seseorang untuk bertindak sebagai ketua komite teknis. Kursi secara formal ditunjuk oleh Dewan Manajemen Teknis.
Menurut aturan ISO, tubuh anggota nasional diharapkan mempertimbangkan pandangan dari semua pihak yang berkepentingan dalam standar dalam pengembangan. Hal ini memungkinkan mereka untuk menyajikan konsolidasi, konsensus posisi nasional kepada komite teknis.
IRYANDA
COMPLETE ARTICLE PLEASE DOWNLOAD : ORGANISASI INTERNASIONAL 1
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